Dalam IELTS Writing, terutama di Task 1 dan Task 2, cohesive devices berperan krusial dalam menentukan skor kamu, khususnya dalam kriteria Coherence and Cohesion. Tanpa penggunaan cohesive devices yang efektif, ide-idemu bisa terasa tidak mengalir, membingungkan pembaca, dan menurunkan skor.

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Apa Itu Cohesive Devices?

Cohesive devices adalah kata, frasa, atau struktur yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan ide-ide dalam tulisan, membuat teks terasa utuh, terorganisasi, dan mudah diikuti.

Contoh cohesive devices meliputi:

• Kata sambung (and, but, although)
• Kata peralihan (however, therefore, meanwhile)
• Rujukan (this, that, these, those)
• Substitusi (one, ones, such)
• Pengulangan kata kunci atau sinonim
• Struktur gramatikal tertentu untuk memperjelas hubungan ide

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Mengapa Cohesive Devices Penting? (Berdasarkan Band Descriptors)

Menurut IELTS Writing Band Descriptors:

• Band 7: “uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use”
• Band 8: “sequences information and ideas logically” dan “manages all aspects of cohesion well”
• Band 6: “uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical”

Artinya:
Untuk mencapai Band 7 ke atas, kamu harus:

• Menggunakan berbagai macam cohesive devices,
• Menggunakannya secara tepat dan alami,
• Tidak berlebihan (tidak semua kalimat harus diawali dengan connector!).

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Daftar Lengkap Contoh Cohesive Devices

1. Addition (Penambahan):

• and, also, as well as, moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides

2. Contrast (Pertentangan):

• but, however, although, even though, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, whereas, while

3. Cause and Effect (Sebab Akibat):

• because, since, as, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result

4. Comparison (Perbandingan):

• similarly, likewise, just as, equally

5. Giving Examples (Memberikan Contoh):

• for example, for instance, such as, namely, to illustrate

6. Summarizing or Concluding (Menyimpulkan):

• in conclusion, to sum up, overall, in summary

7. Sequencing (Mengurutkan):

• firstly, secondly, finally, then, next, subsequently, after that

8. Emphasis (Penekanan):

• indeed, in fact, especially, particularly, above all

9. Reference (Rujukan):

• this, that, these, those, it, such

10. Substitution (Penggantian):

• one, ones, the former, the latter

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Contoh Cohesive Devices di Writing Task 1

Task: Describe the changes in a town’s infrastructure between 1990 and 2020.

Model Answer (cuplikan):

“In 1990, the town was primarily residential, with a small shopping area in the center. However, over the next thirty years, significant developments took place. For example, a new highway was constructed to the east of the town, greatly improving access. Meanwhile, several new housing estates were built on the outskirts. Overall, the town became far more urbanized compared to its original state.”

Analisis:

• However = menunjukkan perubahan.
• For example = memberi ilustrasi spesifik.
• Meanwhile = menunjukkan dua kejadian bersamaan.
• Overall = menyimpulkan perkembangan umum.

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Contoh Cohesive Devices di Writing Task 2

Task: Some people think that governments should invest more in public transportation than in building new roads. Do you agree or disagree?

Model Answer (cuplikan):

“Public transportation systems are crucial for reducing traffic congestion and pollution. Moreover, they provide affordable mobility for all sections of society. On the other hand, investing heavily in new roads may only encourage more private car use, exacerbating environmental issues. Therefore, I strongly believe that government funding should prioritize public transport initiatives. For instance, developing extensive metro networks and reliable bus services would offer sustainable solutions for growing urban populations.”

Analisis:

• Moreover = menambahkan argumen pendukung.
• On the other hand = menyajikan sisi berlawanan.
• Therefore = menyimpulkan argumentasi.
• For instance = memberi contoh konkret.

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Tips Menggunakan Cohesive Devices Secara Efektif

• Variasikan jenisnya: Jangan hanya mengandalkan “however” atau “because”.
• Gunakan sesuai logika: Pastikan cohesive device yang kamu pakai tepat secara makna.
• Hindari overuse: Tidak perlu setiap kalimat diawali cohesive device; gunakan hanya saat perlu.
• Perhatikan grammar: Banyak cohesive devices memerlukan tanda baca khusus, seperti koma setelah however.

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